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	<id>https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Edu%3ATop-level_Ontology</id>
	<title>Edu:Top-level Ontology - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Edu%3ATop-level_Ontology"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-30T09:26:13Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.31.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=604&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>KenBaclawski at 21:03, 20 November 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=604&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-11-20T21:03:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:03, 20 November 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot; &gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Synonymous with [[Edu:Foundational Ontology|Foundational ontology]] and [[Edu:Upper-level Ontology|Upper-level ontology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Synonymous with [[&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Synonym::&lt;/ins&gt;Edu:Foundational Ontology|Foundational ontology]] and [[&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Synonym::&lt;/ins&gt;Edu:Upper-level Ontology|Upper-level ontology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Definitions===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Definitions===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>KenBaclawski</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=141&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wiaoa at 03:04, 11 November 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=141&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-11-11T03:04:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 03:04, 11 November 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''D1''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#Guarino1998| Guarino, 1998]] ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''D1''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#Guarino1998| Guarino, 1998]] ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''An [[Edu:ontology|ontology]] that describes very general [[Edu:concept|concepts]] like space, time, matter, [[Edu:object|object]], event, action, etc., which are independent of a particular problem or [[Edu:domain|domain]]. It seems therefore reasonable, at least in theory, to have unified [[Edu:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;top&lt;/del&gt;-level &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ontology&lt;/del&gt;|top-level ontology]] for large communities of users.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* '''An [[Edu:ontology|ontology]] that describes very general [[Edu:concept|concepts]] like space, time, matter, [[Edu:object|object]], event, action, etc., which are independent of a particular problem or [[Edu:domain|domain]]. It seems therefore reasonable, at least in theory, to have unified [[Edu:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Top&lt;/ins&gt;-level &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ontology&lt;/ins&gt;|top-level ontology]] for large communities of users.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''D2''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#arpetal2015|Arp et al., 2015]] ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''D2''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#arpetal2015|Arp et al., 2015]] ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wiaoa</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=140&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wiaoa at 03:04, 11 November 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=140&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-11-11T03:04:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 03:04, 11 November 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot; &gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Synonymous with [[Edu:Foundational &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ontology&lt;/del&gt;|Foundational ontology]] and [[Edu:Upper-level &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ontology&lt;/del&gt;|Upper-level ontology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Synonymous with [[Edu:Foundational &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ontology&lt;/ins&gt;|Foundational ontology]] and [[Edu:Upper-level &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ontology&lt;/ins&gt;|Upper-level ontology]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Definitions===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Definitions===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wiaoa</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=138&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wiaoa: Created page with &quot; == Top-level Ontology==   Synonymous with Foundational ontology and Upper-level ontology  === Definitions===   '''D...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.iaoa.org/index.php?title=Edu:Top-level_Ontology&amp;diff=138&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-11-11T03:02:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot; == Top-level Ontology==   Synonymous with &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Edu:Foundational_ontology&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Edu:Foundational ontology (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Foundational ontology&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Edu:Upper-level_ontology&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Edu:Upper-level ontology (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Upper-level ontology&lt;/a&gt;  === Definitions===   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;D...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Top-level Ontology==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Synonymous with [[Edu:Foundational ontology|Foundational ontology]] and [[Edu:Upper-level ontology|Upper-level ontology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Definitions===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''D1''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#Guarino1998| Guarino, 1998]] ]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''An [[Edu:ontology|ontology]] that describes very general [[Edu:concept|concepts]] like space, time, matter, [[Edu:object|object]], event, action, etc., which are independent of a particular problem or [[Edu:domain|domain]]. It seems therefore reasonable, at least in theory, to have unified [[Edu:top-level ontology|top-level ontology]] for large communities of users.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''D2''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#arpetal2015|Arp et al., 2015]] ]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''A highly general representation of [[Edu:category | categories]] and [[Edu:relation|relations]] comon to all [[Edu:domain|domains]] that helps to integrate and organize information accross different [[Edu:domain|domains]]. It can also be called formal [[Edu:ontology|ontology]].'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''D3''' [ [[Edu:TermlistReferences#Gomezetal2004| Gómez-Pérez et al., 2004]] ]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''An [[Edu:ontology|ontology]] that describes very general [[Edu:concept|concepts]] and provide general notions under which all root [[Edu:term|terms]] in existing [[Edu:ontology | ontologies]] should be linked.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Term|Term]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wiaoa</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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